How does a cracking furnace work?
The working principle of the cracking furnace is mainly based on high-temperature thermal cracking reaction.
The cracking furnace is usually composed of a burner, a furnace, a furnace tube and a temperature control system.
When working, raw materials (such as petroleum hydrocarbons, biomass, plastics, etc.) enter the furnace tube of the cracking furnace through the feeding system. The burner generates a high-temperature flame, which raises the temperature in the furnace to the high temperature conditions required for the cracking reaction, generally between 700℃ and 1000℃ or even higher.
Under high temperature conditions, the raw material molecules absorb a lot of heat, chemical bonds break, and macromolecular raw materials decompose into small molecular products, such as olefins, alkanes, aromatics, etc.
The design and layout of the furnace tube also have an important influence on the cracking reaction. Different types of cracking furnaces may use different furnace tube structures, such as straight tubes, coils or U-tubes, etc., to ensure that the raw materials have a suitable residence time and heating uniformity in the furnace.
At the same time, the temperature in the furnace is precisely adjusted by the temperature control system to control the progress of the cracking reaction and the distribution of products.
For example, in the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons, naphtha undergoes a rapid cracking reaction at high temperature to produce important chemical raw materials such as ethylene and propylene. In biomass pyrolysis, biomass such as wood is decomposed into bio-oil, combustible gases and biochar under high temperature and oxygen-free or anoxic conditions.
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