What is a vacuum brazing furnace?
The vacuum brazing furnace is a device that performs brazing process in a vacuum environment. The following is a detailed introduction:
1. Working principle
- **Heating to melt the brazing material**: Put the workpiece that has been cleaned, decontaminated, coated with flux and covered with solder into the furnace, and raise the temperature of the workpiece and the brazing material through the heating system. When the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the solder, the solder melts, and the joint gap is filled by the wetting effect of the liquid solder.
- **The role of the vacuum environment**: Under vacuum conditions, oxygen and other gases in the furnace are extracted to avoid oxidation of the metal at high temperatures, thereby ensuring the quality of welding. At the same time, the vacuum environment is conducive to the brazing material to better fill the joint gap under capillary action, making the welded joint denser.
2. Structural composition
- **Furnace body**: It is the outer shell of the vacuum brazing furnace, which usually adopts a double-layer water-cooling structure to ensure the stability and safety of the furnace body when working at high temperatures and reduce heat loss.
- **Heating and insulation system**:
- **Heating elements**: Commonly used are molybdenum strips, molybdenum sheets, etc., which have the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high heating efficiency, and can provide a stable high temperature environment in the furnace.
- **Heat insulation screen**: Generally made of ceramics, stainless steel and other materials, used to reduce heat loss, improve heating efficiency, and ensure the uniformity of temperature in the furnace.
- **Vacuum system**:
- **Vacuum pump**: Including mechanical pumps, maintenance pumps, Roots pumps, diffusion pumps, etc., used to extract gas in the furnace so that the furnace reaches and maintains the required vacuum degree.
- **Vacuum valve**: Such as front stage valve, bypass valve, maintenance pump valve and high valve, etc., used to control the flow of gas and the adjustment of vacuum degree.
- **Vacuum gauge**: Used to measure the vacuum degree in the furnace so that the operator can monitor and control the vacuum state in real time.
- **Inflating device**: Used to fill the furnace with protective gas, such as high-purity nitrogen, after welding is completed to prevent the workpiece from being oxidized during the cooling process.
- **Water cooling system**: Cool the furnace body, furnace door, vacuum unit, water-cooled electrode and other components to ensure that the equipment will not be damaged due to overheating when working at high temperature, and ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
- **Control system**: Use PLC and other control technologies to achieve precise control and adjustment of parameters such as furnace temperature, vacuum degree, heating time, etc., and have automatic alarm and protection functions, such as over-temperature, over-pressure, over-current protection, etc.
3. Application scope
- **Aerospace field**: Used to manufacture aircraft engine parts, structural parts of aerospace vehicles, etc. These parts have extremely high requirements for welding quality and precision. Vacuum brazing furnaces can meet their strict process requirements and ensure the strength and reliability of parts.
- **Electronic industry**: Such as welding of printed circuit boards and electronic components. Vacuum brazing can avoid oxidation and impurities generated during welding, and improve the performance and reliability of electronic components.
- **Automotive industry**: Used in the manufacture of key components such as automobile engines and transmissions, such as vacuum welding of aluminum products such as automobile radiators and air-conditioning condensers, which can improve the heat dissipation performance and corrosion resistance of components.
- **Medical device field**: such as the manufacture of artificial joints, dental instruments, etc., the vacuum brazing process can ensure the biocompatibility and safety of medical devices.
- **Machinery manufacturing industry**: used to manufacture various precision mechanical parts, tools, molds, etc., such as the welding of carbide tools, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the tools.
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