What is the working principle of the vacuum brazing furnace?
The working principle of the vacuum brazing furnace mainly involves the creation of a vacuum environment, the heating mechanism, and the physical and chemical changes in the brazing process. The following is a detailed introduction:
- **Prevent oxidation**: Metals are prone to oxidation reactions with oxygen in the air at high temperatures to generate oxides, which will affect the quality of brazing and the performance of the joint. In a vacuum environment, the oxygen content is extremely low, which can effectively prevent the oxidation of the metal surface, keep the metal surface clean, and facilitate good wetting and bonding between the brazing material and the parent material.
- **Improve wetting performance**: The vacuum environment helps to remove gases and impurities on the surface of the parent material and the brazing material, reduce surface tension, and make it easier for the brazing material to spread and wet on the surface of the parent material, thereby improving the bonding strength between the brazing material and the parent material.
Heating principle
- **Resistance heating**: By passing current through a heating element (such as a resistance wire, a resistance belt, etc.), heat is generated by the resistance of the resistance element. When current passes through the resistance element, electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, causing the temperature of the heating element to rise, and then the heat is transferred to the workpiece in the furnace by radiation, conduction, etc. This heating method has the advantages of fast heating speed, high temperature control accuracy, and uniform temperature distribution.
- **Induction heating**: Use the alternating magnetic field to generate induced current in the heated object, and the induced current generates Joule heat inside the object, causing the object to heat up quickly. The advantages of this heating method are high heating efficiency, fast response speed, and easy local heating. It is suitable for brazing of workpieces with high temperature control requirements and complex shapes.
Brazing process principle
- **Brazing melting**: When the temperature in the furnace rises to the melting point of the brazing material, the brazing material begins to melt. During the melting process, the atoms of the brazing material obtain enough energy and begin to transform from a solid lattice structure to a liquid state, which has fluidity.
- **Wetting and spreading**: The melted brazing material begins to wet and spread on the surface of the parent material. Due to the reduced surface tension in the vacuum environment and the clean state of the parent material surface, the brazing material can better contact the surface of the parent material, and under the action of surface tension and capillary force, it spreads on the surface of the parent material to form a uniform liquid film.
- **Diffusion and bonding**: Under the action of continuous high temperature, the atoms between the brazing filler metal and the base metal begin to diffuse into each other. The atoms in the brazing filler metal will diffuse into the base metal, and at the same time, the atoms in the base metal will diffuse into the brazing filler metal, forming a transition layer between the two, realizing the bonding between atoms, thus forming a strong brazed joint.
- **Cooling and solidification**: After brazing is completed, the temperature in the furnace is gradually reduced through the cooling system. As the temperature drops, the liquid brazing filler metal gradually solidifies to form a solid brazing joint, connecting the base metals together. During the cooling process, the structure and performance of the joint will change to a certain extent. By controlling process parameters such as cooling rate, the performance of the joint can be optimized.
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