Homogenize powder. Cathode removes solvent/moisture; anode crushes, screens and purifies raw materials.

Optimize particle structure. Cathode pre-sinter enables primary crystallization; anode calcination refines particle shape.

Form crystal structure for electrochemical properties. Cathode sintering grows crystals; anode carbonization forms stable carbon matrix.

Stabilize materials and boost performance. Slow cooling avoids oxidation, with crushing, grading or coating optional.